( ISSN 2277 - 9809 (online) ISSN 2348 - 9359 (Print) ) New DOI : 10.32804/IRJMSH

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DEMOCRATIC CONSTITUTIONS OF INDIA

    1 Author(s):  LAKSHMAN BRAHMAWAR

Vol -  3, Issue- 2 ,         Page(s) : 442 - 444  (2012 ) DOI : https://doi.org/10.32804/IRJMSH

Abstract

The Constitution of India with long parliamentary debates drafted by the committee of wise people headed by Dr.B.R. Ambedkar borrowed from various Constitutions of the world over and Government of India Act, 1935 enacted during British days and having undergone about 100 amendments, now comprises of 395 Articles divided in 12 Parts and 12 Schedules, which broadly imbibes and adopts democratic values, Fundamental Rights of citizens akin to United States of America, bicameral Parliament system from Westminster model in the unwritten Constitutional system of United Kingdom, Fundamental Duties of the citizens & the Directive Principles in Part IV and Indian Constitution though binds India in a Federal character, the Central Government being given the superior and supreme powers for maintaining borders, unity, integrity and external relationship of the country while the States, 28 in numbers constituted under the State Reorganization Act, 1956, enjoy independent legislative powers about health, law & order, primary education & Panchayati Raj Institutions etc.

1. Austin, Granville Indian Constitution, the cornerstone of a Nation (New Delhi, Oxford Univesity Press), 2007, p.50. Also see, Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India [AIR 1980 SC 1789 (1805-1810)].
2. Austin, granville, Indian Constitution. The Cornerstone of the Nation (New Delhi, Oxford University Press), 2007 : p. ix (Preface). Also see, Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India [AIR 1980 SC 1789 (1805-1810)].
3. Ibid.
4. Constitutent Assembly Debates, Vol.I. [New Delhi, Parliament Secretariat], p.57. Also see, Rao, B. Shiva (Ed). The Framing of India's Constitution, Select Documents, 2. [Delhi, Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.], 2006, p.3-4.
5. Kesavananda Bharti v. State of Kerala [(1973) 4 SCC 225 (424).
6. For example, Article 21 of the Constitution guarantees Right of Life and Personal Liberty to  all persons (both citizens as well as non-citizens).
7. Constitution of India : Article 13.
8. Constitution of India, Article 37.
9. Austin, Granville, supra : note.2. Also see, Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India [AIR 1980 SC 1789 (1805-1810)].
10. AIR 1980 SC 1789.
11. Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India [AIR 1980 SC 1789 (1805-1810)].

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