( ISSN 2277 - 9809 (online) ISSN 2348 - 9359 (Print) ) New DOI : 10.32804/IRJMSH

Impact Factor* - 6.2311


**Need Help in Content editing, Data Analysis.

Research Gateway

Adv For Editing Content

   No of Download : 111    Submit Your Rating     Cite This   Download        Certificate

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSIAN LANGUAGE DURING EARLY MUGHAL PERIOD

    1 Author(s):  MR. TAMANNA KHAN

Vol -  6, Issue- 2 ,         Page(s) : 362 - 365  (2015 ) DOI : https://doi.org/10.32804/IRJMSH

Abstract

Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur, established the Mughal rule in 1526 A.D. in India by defeating the Lodi rulers, was a prolific writer. He primarily wrote in his mother tongue Turkish and also in Persian. He showed unprecedented interest in patronizing Persian literary culture during his reign. Mughal India has been particularly noted for its extraordinary achievement in poetry and wide range of prose writings in Persian. In terms of sheer profusion and variety of themes, this literary output probably exceeded that produced under every other Mughal dynasty. The Mughals were Chaghatai Turks by origin, and we know that, unlike them. Turkic rulers outside Iran – such as the Ottomans based in Asia Minor and the Uzbeks in Central Asia – were not quite so enthusiastic about Persian.

1. Ahmad, Aziz Studies in Islamic Culture in the Indian Environment, Delhi; Oxford University Press, 1999.
2. A Literary History of Persia,  Vol-fl, reprint, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969. 
3. Alam, Muzaffar, The Language of Political Islam in India (c;1200-1800), Pennant Black, 2004, Delhi. 
4. Ambasththya, B.P.; Ed. Contributions of Akbar and the Parsees, Janaki Prakashan, Patna, 1976.
5. Arberry, A.J.; Humayun Nama, Luzac, London, 1963.
6. Augustus, Frederick, Kaiser Akbar, tr. A.S. Beveridge as The Emperor Akbar, (2 vols), Calcutta, 1890.
7. Bakshi, Mutamed Khan, Iqbal Nama-e-Jahangir, Edited, Calcutta, 1963
8. Beveridge, Annetle. S, A History of Humayun, Delhi, 1972 
9. Brown, E.G, A History of Persian literature, Cambridge University Press, 1928. 
10. Chand, Tara, Influence of Islam on Indian Culture, Allahabad, 1936. 
11. Chandra, Satish, Historiography, Religion, and State in  Medieval India. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications, 1996. 
12. Chattopadhyaya, B.D.; The Making of Early Medieval India, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1996. 
13. Elliot & Dawson, The History of India, As told by Its own Historians, Vol-VI, Calcutta, 1953. 
14. Elias & Ross, A History of The Mughals Of Central Asia, London, 1893. 
15. Erskine, William; History of India under Babur, Karachi; Oxford University Press 1976.
16. Foltz, Richard C.; Mughal Indian and Central Asia, Oxford University Press, Karachi, 1998.
17. Ghani, M.A, A History of Persian Language and Literature at The Mughal Court, Allahabad, 1929. 
18. Habib, Irfan, Akbar and His India .Edited,Delhi , oxford Univesity Press,1997.
19. Hasan, Hadi, Mughar Poetry: It's Cultural and Historical Value, Islamic Literary Society, Madras, 1952. 
20. Khan, Yusuf Husain, Glimpses of Medieval Indian Culture, Asia Publishing House, Bombay, 1957. 
21. Kennedy, Pringle, A History of the Great Mughals, Calcutta, 1905, 1911. 
22. Mehta, L, Advance Study in the History of Medieval India, vol. II, Chandigrah, 1986. 
23. Mukhia, Harbans, Historians and Historiography, During the Reign of Akbar, N. Delhi, 1976. 
24. Qureshi, I.H., The Administration of the Mughal Empire, Karanchi, 1966.
25. Rashid, A., Society and Culture in Medieval India, 1206-1556 A.D. Calcutta: KLM, 1969. 
26. Ray, Sukumar, Humayun in Persia, Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1955. 
27. Rizvi, Saiyid Athar Abbas, Religious and Intellectual History of the Muslims in Akbar's Reign. Munshiram Manoharlal, New delhi, 1975. 
28. Shams, Siraj Atif, Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi, M.  Wilayat Husain (ed.), Bib. Ind., Calcutta, 1888 and 1891.
29. Shibli Nomani, Sherul Ajam ya Tarikhe Shoirah-wa-Adabiate Iran Tr. By Sayed Mohammad Taqi Fakhr Daai Gilani, Tehran, Dunyai Kitab, 1983. 
30. Steward, C, The Private Memoirs of Emperor Humayun, London, 1832. 
31. Wellesz, e.;  Akbar’s Religious Thought Reflected in Mogul Painting, London, 1952.

*Contents are provided by Authors of articles. Please contact us if you having any query.






Bank Details