( ISSN 2277 - 9809 (online) ISSN 2348 - 9359 (Print) ) New DOI : 10.32804/IRJMSH

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THE CONCEPT OF LIBERTY, EQUALITY & FRATERNITY

    1 Author(s):  DR. REKHA

Vol -  8, Issue- 4 ,         Page(s) : 138 - 143  (2017 ) DOI : https://doi.org/10.32804/IRJMSH

Abstract

The triad "liberty, equality, fraternity" became popular with the French Revolution. Robespierre proposed in 1790 that it should be written in National Guard uniforms and in all flags. In 1848 this motto was defined in the French constitution as constituting a principle of the republic; it appears in the constitutions of 1946 and 1958. It had several variations, such as "unity, strength, virtue" used in Masonic lodges, or "liberty, security, property," "liberty, unity, equality" etc. During the Nazi occupation it was replaced by "work, family, fatherland". But it is the form known today that became the French motto, adopted also in other countries, such as in the Constitution of India of 1950.

  1. A. Vaidyanathan, “The Pursuit of Social Justice” in Zoya Hasan ed., India’s Living Constitution (Delhi: P)ermanent Black, 2002)
  2. R.G. Chaturvedi, Natural and Social Justice (ed 1975) P. 473.
  3. Guanuille Austin, The Indian Constitution; Cornerstone of Nation (Oxford 1966) p.p 26-27.
  4. Preamble of the Indian Constitution.
  5. Article 19,25-28 
  6. Article 31(C) 
  7. Article 51A
  8. Mohini Jain v. State of Karnataka, (1992) 3 SCC 666: Unni Krishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh  (1993) 1 SCC 645.
  9. Rigveda 10/191/4.
  10. Atharva Veda 19/69/1.
  11. The Preamble of the Constitution of India. 
  12. Indra Sawhney v. Union of India, AIR 1993 SC 477 : 1992 Supp (3) SCC  217. 
  13. Per Das J (1951) S.C.R.  at p. 532.
  14. AIR 1975 SC 1590 : (1975) 2 SCC 159.
  15.  AIR 2001 Cri LJ 184 (185) (Guj).
  16. G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology v. State of Uttar Pradesh, (2000) 7 SCC 109 :  AIR 2000 SC 2695: HSEB v. Suresh, (1999) 3 SCC 601 : AIR 1999 SC 1160.
  17. Leviticus (19:18). 
  18. J. Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, Mass,: Harvard University Press, 1971) at 105.
  19. Judge G. Calabresi, “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”(Cambridge Lectures, Queen’s College, University of Cambridge, 7 July 1997)

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