The Indus basin is one of the oldest, largest and now the most populated amongst the river basins of the world. It has practiced irrigation to overcome the problems due to low and uncertain rainfall and ever increasing demand for food, fiber and fodder, while having a fertile land mass and a large river system criss-crossing it. Irrigation water basically enables supply of nutrients to a crop during its growth process and takes care of its evapotranspiration needs. Application of water in quantity more than these needs is often required for effective wetting and to keep the subsoil salts at lower horizons beyond the root zone. The sub soils and the layout of the land have a natural yet a finite capacity to drain off the excess water. Failure to drain away the excess water allows water to accumulate and cause water logging in the root zone which blocks aeration and impedes normal plant growth. With the induction of canal irrigation during the nineteenth century, the twin problem of water logging and soil salinity gradually developed. The twin menace has depleted the agricultural potential of irrigation lands to some extent.