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UNIVERSALITY AND LEGAL VALUE OF UDHR

    1 Author(s):  NAVDITYA TANWAR

Vol -  6, Issue- 6 ,         Page(s) : 291 - 301  (2015 ) DOI : https://doi.org/10.32804/IRJMSH

Abstract

Human rights as generally perceived are those rights which a person gets by virtue of being human. It is the prevalent notion, even though not widely practiced that these rights are inherent and becomes operative from birth itself. To put it simply, the human rights are the norm that protects and safeguard people everywhere from severe political, legal, and social abuses. These rights exist in morality and in law at the national and international levels. They are addressed primarily to governments, requiring compliance and enforcement. The main sources of the contemporary conception of human rights are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (United Nations, 1948) and the many human rights documents and treaties that followed in international organizations such as the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the Organization of American States, and the African Union. Enactment in national and international law is one of the ways in which human rights exist. But it is not completely true for people who insist on the idea, that human rights are deeper, inherent or innate and cannot be conferred rather a person acquire them by virtue of being human. Human Rights though considered as a post world war phenomena i.e., a relatively newer concept but can be plausibly attributed to historical notions of life, liberty and justice.

  1.  Assistant Law Professor, Law Centre – I, Faculty of Law, Delhi University.
  2.   “Human Rights” 1 available at: http://www.plato.stanford.edu/enteries/rightshuman/(last modified on July 29, 2006). 
  3.   Ibid.
  4.   In his book; What Are Human Rights (Basic Books,Inc., NewYork 1973 ).
  5.    See “Human Rights” 1 available at: http://www.plato.stanford.edu/enteries/rightshuman/(last modified on July 29, 2006). 

  6.    See the “UDHR” available at:http://www.ohchr.org/en/udhr/pages/introduction.aspx.
  7.   Supra note 1. 
  8.   V.S.Mani, “Human Rights and The United Nations: Survey” 40 JILI 47 (1998).
  9.   See Preamble of UDHR, 2nd para, (first sentence).
  10.    Id 1st para.
  11.   Id  7th para.
  12.   “A United Nations Priority” available at http://www.un.org/rights/HRTToday/declar.htm.(visited on 29th September, 2011) 
  13.   Ibid.
  14.   Supra note 11.
  15.   Ibid.
  16.   “Human Rights” available at: http://www.plato.stanford.edu/enteries/rightshuman/(last modified on July 29, 2006).

  17.   “Human Rights” available at: http://www.plato.stanford.edu/enteries/rightshuman/(Last modified on July 29, 2006). 
  18.   See Michael Goodhart,(ed.) Human rights Politics & Practice 19(Oxford University Press Inc., New York, 2009)


  19.   “A United Nations Priority” available at http://www.un.org/rights/HRTToday/declar.htm (visited on 29th September, 2011
  20.  Ibid.
  21.   See International Law and Human Rights ( Stevens and Sons, London, 1950)
  22.   Dated  October 24, 1970.
  23.   H.O. Aggarwal, Human Rights (Central Law Publication, Allahabad,  11th edn 2008).
  24.   See ICJ Reports (1971).
  25.   630 F 2d(1980) 876.
  26.   W.L.R. Vol. 3 (1998) 1456. Also see Siderman de Blake v. Argentina,(1992) 965 F zd 609at 714-718.
  27.    Supra note 18.
  28.    See H.O. Aggarwal, Human Rights (Central Law Publication, Allahabad,  11th edn 2008) 
  29.   AIR 1973 SC(1461).
  30.   Jolly G. Varghese v. Bank of Cochin, AIR 1980 SC (474).
  31.   See Kishore Chand v. State of Himachal Pradesh, (1991) 1 SCJ 68 at 76.
  32.   2000 SCC 265.
  33.   Id. at 277.
  34.   Supra note 5. 
  35.   AIR 1980 SC 178.
  36.   AIR 1978 SC 597.
  37.   1997 (5) Scale 453.
  38.  AIR 1993SC1960. 
  39.   1997 (2) SC 311.
  40.   The then Secretary of General Assembly of UN in his inaugural remarks at Vienna Conference on Human Rights 1993.

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